1. Enhanced Security and Defence Cooperation

Recognising the growing range of security challenges in the Indo‑Pacific, the leaders commit to strengthening security and defence cooperation in key areas that support regional stability, national resilience, and shared security objectives.

1.1 Defence Collaboration

In order to deepen security and defence cooperation, Canada and Japan will:

• Explore further opportunities to enable increasingly complex engagement between our respective forces.
• Enhance interoperability between their defence forces through dialogues, exchanges, and opportunities for coordinated, multilateral, as well as bilateral activities, including:
  • Enhanced strategic planning and bilateral/multilateral exercises and operations, while utilising the Canada-Japan Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement.
  • Conducting joint sails, building on the Royal Canadian Navy’s and the Japan Maritime Self Defense Forces’ respective sails in the region and bilateral exercise KAEDEX.
  • Increasing participation in each other’s exercises, including Canada’s Operation NANOOK.
  • Advancing Special Operations Forces collaboration through planned participation in exercises, training, and exchanges.
• Expand defence policy consultations to enable more consistent assessments of regional security trends, risks, and emerging challenges.
• Enhance cooperation on non-proliferation, arms control, and disarmament efforts that effectively address the current security environment, including in the context of the upcoming 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. 

1.2 Secure Information and Technology Cooperation

To build a foundation for more advanced collaboration, Canada and Japan will:

• Fully utilise the Security of Information Agreement to exchange information important for both countries’ respective security and prosperity and pursue appropriate measures regarding defence industrial security including an implementing arrangement for the Security of Information Agreement.
• Work toward bringing into force and implementing the defence Equipment and Technology Transfer Agreement in order to facilitate government-to-government cooperation on defence‑related initiatives, including supply chain development, as well as enable greater defence industrial collaboration between Canadian and Japanese companies.
• Enhance cooperation on technology security to protect sensitive research and technologies, especially in emerging fields such as advanced materials, resilient communications, and autonomous systems.
• Explore ways to promote cooperation in defence industrial collaboration, including through defence industrial security partnerships and other arrangements to facilitate value-added cooperative activities, such as mutual support for Ministerial-led Trade Missions focused on boosting defence exports and reciprocal participation in defence-related trade shows and expositions/exhibitions.

1.3 Cyber, Artificial Intelligence, Space, Hybrid, and Emerging Security Domains

Recognising the importance of addressing complex challenges in new security domains, Canada and Japan will:

• Strengthen cybersecurity and cyber defence cooperation, including information exchange, resilience building, and collaboration on common cyber threats affecting government systems and critical infrastructure, through the establishment of a Cyber Policy Dialogue.
• Enhance cooperation on space security, including space domain awareness, responsible behaviour in outer space, and resilience of space‑based services.
• Promote collaboration on countering foreign information manipulation and interference, including through the G7 Rapid Response Mechanism, in line with the Charlevoix commitment on defending democracy from foreign threats, and existing dialogues between the relevant agencies.
• Advance cooperation on artificial intelligence (AI) policy, including responsible AI governance, shared approaches to safety and security standards, and coordination on building a safe, secure, and trustworthy AI ecosystem that fosters innovation, supports democratic resilience, and protects fundamental rights.

1.4 Maritime Security and Regional Stability

Recognising the importance of strengthening maritime security to foster stability and prosperity, Canada and Japan will:

• Strengthen cooperation in maritime domain awareness through information sharing (particularly regarding North Korean efforts to evade UN sanctions), reciprocal support for each other’s patrols, increased interoperability, training, and security cooperation between civilian departments and agencies, as well as between ministries of defence.
• Support efforts to strengthen maritime governance and reinforce international law, including in multilateral forums and through cooperation with regional partners.
• Deepen cooperation to fight illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing through relevant regional and multilateral forums and in accordance with international and domestic law, including through information sharing, reciprocal support for each other’s patrols, training cooperation, and support to third countries.
• Strengthen cooperation in search and rescue through the exchange of best practices and joint exercise participation.
• Deepen scientific cooperation in support of sustainable stewardship of maritime resources, including joint research in the North Pacific Ocean.
• Advance sustainable and secure maritime connectivity, encouraging responsible shipping practices, and the strengthening of global maritime safety standards.
• Implement the three recently signed memorandums of cooperation pertaining to information sharing, combatting IUU fishing and related international fisheries management in the high seas of the North Pacific, and fisheries research and technical cooperation, and explore further bilateral instruments relevant to maritime security.

1.5 Law Enforcement and Public Safety Cooperation

Canada and Japan will:

• Advance cooperation between law enforcement agencies, including through working toward bringing into force and implementing the bilateral Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty.
• Strengthen collaboration on addressing the threat to international peace and security posed by Transnational Organized Crime and illicit financial activities, including cyber‑enabled crimes such as abuse of cryptocurrency and online scams, while also enhancing cooperation on counternarcotics operations.
• Enhance cooperation between border, customs, and law enforcement agencies to identify emerging risks and strengthen operational readiness.
• Strengthen ongoing cooperation on emergency management during crises around the world, including reinforcing mutual assistance to each other’s nationals through the implementation of the recently signed Memorandum of Cooperation on Assisting Canadian and Japanese Nationals Abroad.
• Explore opportunities for further bilateral cooperation in the areas of UN peace operations and Women, Peace and Security implementation. 

2. Economic Security, Supply Chains, and Technological Resilience

The leaders reaffirm that economic resilience is vital to both national security and long-term prosperity. They also express grave concerns over all forms of economic coercion, and the use of non-market policies and practices that are leading to harmful overcapacity and market distortions, as well as export restrictions, particularly on critical minerals, that could have a significant negative impact on global supply chains. Both sides reiterate the importance of ensuring that, whenever implemented, export control measures should be narrowly defined, non-discriminatory, and in line with international law and practice, so as not to disrupt strategic supply chains, notably those for critical minerals. They concur on the establishment of an Economic Security Dialogue and commit to enhancing economic security cooperation with like-minded partners, including through the G7. They also commit to strengthening cooperation in the following areas.

2.1 Critical Minerals and Strategic Supply Chains

Acknowledging the centrality of critical minerals and strategic supply chains to their prosperity and security, Canada and Japan will:

• Deepen cooperation on critical minerals, including joint work to secure reliable supplies, enable value‑added processing, and support diversified manufacturing ecosystems.
• Promote partnerships between industry, research institutions, and governments to support responsible development and commercialization of critical resources.
• Continue close collaboration and dialogue through the Canada-Japan Memorandum of Cooperation Concerning Battery Supply Chains and coordinate on building sustainable and reliable global battery supply chains.
• Build on their existing shared commitment to the development of secure critical minerals supply chains through international collaboration initiatives such as the G7 Critical Minerals Production Alliance.

2.2 Emerging and Disruptive Technologies

Recognising rapid technological shifts and their implications for the international order, Canada and Japan will:

• Coordinate, where appropriate and consistent with national policies, approaches to research and technology security, including investment screening, secure innovation practices, research integrity, and protection of sensitive intellectual property.
• Increase collaboration on semiconductors, AI and data, cybersecurity, batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, clean technologies, quantum technology, fusion energy, and other strategic sectors central to economic competitiveness and resilience.
• Advance joint research and development (R&D) and innovation cooperation in new and emerging technologies, building on the 40th anniversary this year of the Canada-Japan Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology and related Joint Committee discussions.
• Continue collaboration though the Global Partnership to address the benefits and risks of weapons of mass destruction relevant technologies.
• Continue close collaboration and dialogue through the Canada-Japan Memorandum of Cooperation on Industrial Science and Technology and encourage new collaborations across businesses and R&D institutions of both countries.
• Deepen collaboration between the two countries’ innovation, venture, investor, and startup ecosystems, including by encouraging greater two‑way investment, by strengthening links between accelerators, corporate innovation networks, and research institutions, as well as, by supporting joint commercialization in emerging technology sectors.

2.3 Economic Policy

Canada and Japan will:

• Advance coordination on enhancing supply chain resilience, diversification, and preparedness for disruptions.
• Exchange information on economic security policies, where appropriate and consistent with national policies, to protect our economies and support predictable, stable environments for investment and innovation.
• Cooperate on addressing vulnerabilities in essential goods and strategically important industries.
• Enhance cooperation on tackling financial crime, as envisaged in the G7 Financial Crime Call to Action, including cryptocurrency thefts by North Korea. 

3. Trade and Investment

To further advance sustainable growth, economic resilience, and shared prosperity, as well as to deepen trade and investment ties and enhance cooperation in emerging industries, Canada and Japan will:

• Modernize their bilateral economic dialogue, the Joint Economic Committee, to reflect emerging priority areas of collaboration.
• Deepen collaboration in support of a free, fair, open, rules-based, predictable, and modernized international trading system, including by leveraging existing forums, such as the WTO, the OECD, and the G7.
• Explore ways to promote two-way investment (both direct and indirect), notably by facilitating the activities of industries and investors of both countries, including pension funds, to unlock new opportunities for investment and innovation.
• Continue collaboration to support Japanese automotive manufacturers in advancing their decarbonization efforts in Canada through multiple pathways.
• Build on and leverage existing memorandums of cooperation, including those on Battery Supply Chains and Industrial Science and Technology, as platforms for deeper bilateral cooperation and shared economic gains.
• Leverage the bilateral Canada-Japan Annual Forest Dialogue to promote initiatives to increase wood use in modern and low-carbon construction industries.
• Continue close collaboration on the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership to advance the accessions process, to implement outcomes of the General Review, and to deepen engagement with the EU and ASEAN through Trade and Investment Dialogues.

The leaders encourage the Japan-Canada Chambers Council to discuss opportunities aimed at further strengthening trade and investment ties between the two countries. To advance this goal, Canada will plan for a Team Canada Trade Mission to Japan to take place, in the near future, and looks forward to welcoming a return visit by Keidanren, building on the latter’s successful visit to Canada in 2025.

4. Energy Security and Food Security    

Recognising the importance of energy security and food security in an era of heightened geopolitical uncertainty, the leaders commit to further advance cooperation in the following areas. 

4.1 Energy Security

Canada and Japan will:

• Leverage the Canada-Japan Energy Policy Dialogue, with a focus on long-term stability and sustainability, to broaden and deepen cooperation in the field of energy, continue cooperation on energy policy, diversify energy resources, and expand trade and investment to support secure energy supply chains.
• Advance collaboration on conventional energy, including liquefied natural gas and liquified petroleum gas, recognising the important role that these fuels will play in energy security and the energy transition.
• Enhance cooperation on clean energy technologies, including nuclear technologies, (particularly small modular reactors), hydrogen and its derivatives, carbon capture, utilization, and storage, renewables, and energy-efficient industrial processes.

4.2 Food Security

Canada and Japan will: 

• Leverage the bilateral Agriculture Dialogue to enhance cooperation towards resilient and sustainable agriculture production and food systems, streamline import processes, and facilitate stable and predictable trade in food and agricultural products.
• In particular, Canada reaffirms its commitment to remaining a reliable food security partner for Japan including by being a predictable supplier of safe, high-quality agricultural products.

5. Arctic, Environment, and Climate Cooperation 

The leaders recognize the urgent need for ambitious, science‑based approaches to the triple crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. They underscore the importance of respecting Arctic States’ sovereignty and Indigenous self-determination in line with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, as well as Indigenous Peoples’ rights, values and interests. To these ends, Canada and Japan will:

• Strengthen Arctic scientific and technological cooperation, including existing international joint research.
• Leverage the Canada-Japan Ministerial Dialogue on Climate and Environment to explore ways to deepen cooperation to address the triple crisis bilaterally, as well as in the context of multilateral frameworks, (including the Arctic Council) that promote ambition, transparency, and coordinated global action.
• Increase collaborative efforts on environmental observation and data.
• Support innovation in net-zero industrial processes, storage, grid modernization, and clean‑energy integration.

6. People‑to‑People, Academic, and Cultural Exchanges

Recognising that the strength of bilateral cooperation rests on close connections between their people, institutions, and societies, Canada and Japan will:

• Develop a workplan toward the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of diplomatic relations in 2028, to renew the Canada-Japan partnership, and strengthen its people‑centred foundation for the next 100 years.
• Explore ways to strengthen youth exchange, including through the utilization of the recently updated Working Holiday Youth Mobility Arrangement, as well as the Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme (JET), to foster international experience and meaningful interactions for youth in both countries.
• Ensure sufficient opportunities for Canadian and Japanese students to study in each other’s countries, thereby strengthening academic collaboration and providing opportunities for the younger generation to build lasting connections and learn from each other, such as through Canada’s funding of the Indo-Pacific Scholarships.
• Revitalise and further promote the existing 72 sister-city/province/port partnerships between Canada and Japan, strengthening interactions at the local and regional levels.
• Promote cultural cooperation, including in creative industries and sport interactions.
• Build on the legacy of Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai, Japan, leveraging Canada’s memorable participation, to deepen long‑term connections in education, culture, and innovation.